Apply structural principles to residential low rise constructions

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CPCCBC4010A	Apply structural principles to residential low rise constructions
Unit Descriptor	This unit of competency specifies the outcomes required to apply structural principles to the erection or demolition of low rise residential structures using conventional methods. The unit addresses those structures classified by the Building Code of Australia (BCA) as Class 1 and Class 10. Knowledge of the application of structural principles in accordance with Australian standards is essential.

ELEMENT	PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1 . Apply structural principles when planning the erection or demolition of a structure.	Main *structural principles* that apply to the erection or demolition of a *residential low rise* structure are identified. Structural performance of a structure is described in terms of the effect of section properties on various materials. Structural performance characteristics of slabs, floors, beams, columns and retaining walls are explained and applied to the planning of the construction work. Demolition of existing structures is coordinated in accordance with legislative and planning requirements and safe work practices.
2 . Analyse and plan for the structural integrity of Class1 and Class 10 buildings.	Relevant *industry professionals* are consulted as required to provide advice regarding the design process and the structural integrity of the proposed Class 1 or Class 10 building. *Project documentation* is collected and analysed to assist in the analysis of plans and specifications. Project documentation is analysed for compliance with BCA requirements for bushfire, high wind, earthquake and alpine environments. New and emerging building technologies are assessed for application to the construction process and their compliance with BCA requirements and Australian standards. Pre-commencement site inspection is conducted to confirm analysis.
3 . Plan, coordinate and manage the laying of footings.	Footings are set out in accordance with building's plan. Structural integrity of the footings specified in building's plan is assessed for compliance with relevant codes and accepted industry construction principles. *Footings* specified in building's plan are laid and checked for compliance with project documentation. Damp coursing, provision of termite barriers, and other relevant techniques are planned, implemented and checked in accordance with codes, standards and industry practice.
4 . Plan, coordinate and manage the laying of floor system.	Concrete slab or bearers and joists specified in building's plan are assessed for structural integrity and compliance with relevant codes and accepted industry construction principles. Laying of *floor system* specified in building's plan is supervised and checked for compliance with project documentation.
5 . Plan, coordinate and manage the building of structural and non-structural wall systems.	Technical construction principles and performance of *materials* used in the construction are identified and analysed in the planning of the building and construction project. Application of bracing requirements, tie-downs, tolerances, allowances, and fixing and installation of components are planned, implemented and checked for compliance with relevant Australian standards, codes and manufacturer specifications. Structural timber members are selected for low rise buildings to conform to AS1684 requirements. Processes are put in place and managed to ensure quality of the frame, whether factory pre-cut and pre-nailed, factory pre-cut and assembled on site, or cut and assembled on site. Vapour permeable sarking or a waterproof membrane, relevant to construction method, is attached and checked.
6 . Plan, coordinate and manage the building of roof system.	Structural integrity of roof system components specified in building's plan is assessed for compliance with relevant codes and accepted industry construction principles. Erection of roof trusses is planned, implemented and checked in accordance with requirements of building plan, *type of roof* being constructed, relevant codes and accepted industry construction principles. Processes are put in place and managed to ensure quality of the manufactured roof trusses or hand-cut roof system. Roof sarking and cladding are planned and installation is supervised and checked for compliance with codes, standards and industry practice.
7 . Plan, coordinate and manage the external wall cladding of structure.	Structural performance of *cladding* to be used for bracing in the frame construction is assessed for compliance with relevant codes, manufacturer specifications and accepted industry construction principles. Installation of the cladding, as specified in building's plan, is supervised and checked for compliance with standards and accepted industry construction principles. Installation of windows and external doors is supervised to ensure compliance with relevant codes, manufacturer specifications and accepted industry construction principles.

Key Competency	Examples of Application	Performance Level
How can information be collected, analysed and organised?
How are ideas and information communicated within this competency?
How are activities planned and organised?
How are problem solving skills applied?
How are mathematical ideas and techniques used?
How is use of technology applied?
How is team work used within this competency?

Range Statement

Structural principles include:

behaviour of structural materials
loads and loading
performance of beams
performance of columns
performance of roof trusses
section properties
solution of force systems
wind bracing.

Residential low rise buildings as described within the BCA are:

Class 1
Class 10.

Industry professionals include:

architects
draftspersons
engineers
quantity surveyors
surveyors.

Project documentation includes:

building approval plans
contract plans
designs and specifications
engineer footing designs and specifications
original contour survey plan
registered plans
retaining walls
site plans
soil investigation reports
structural floor systems, wall systems and roof systems
tanking designs and specifications
underpinning, rock anchors and shoring designs and specifications.

Footings include:

bored pier footings
columns or stumps
concrete slab floors
piers and beams.

Floor system components of the bearers and joists include:

compressed sheet wet area flooring
engineered floor joists
fitted (cut-in) floors
platform floor construction
sheet flooring
tongue and groove flooring.

Materials include:

cavity brick
concrete block
structural steel
timber.

Type of roof includes:

box gable
dual pitch roof
Dutch gable
Dutch hip
gable end
hip and valley
north light
skillion.

Cladding used on timber frame constructions includes:

brick veneer
coatings over base materials
colourbond or zincalume sheeting
fibre cement or compressed wood panelling
weatherboards.

Evidence Guide

Overview of assessment

This unit of competency could be assessed by the effective application of structural principles and concepts in accordance with the range of variables and application to only one sector of the building and construction industry.

This unit of competency can be assessed in the workplace or a close simulation of the workplace environment, provided that simulated or project-based assessment techniques fully replicate construction workplace conditions, materials, activities, responsibilities and procedures.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

A person who demonstrates competency in this unit must be able to provide evidence of the ability to:

assess the structural integrity of a variety of structures found on building and construction sites
apply the structural principles behind the safe erection and demolition of a low rise structure classified within the BCA as Class 1 and 10
apply technical construction principles to the appropriate selection, integration and building in of construction elements and components
coordinate, plan, implement and check the building of a low rise structure.

Context of and specific resources for assessment

This competency is to be assessed using standard and authorised work practices, safety requirements and environmental constraints.

Assessment of essential underpinning knowledge will usually be conducted in an off-site context.

Assessment is to comply with relevant regulatory or Australian standards' requirements.

Resource implications for assessment include:

documentation that should normally be available in either a building or construction office
relevant codes, standards and government regulations
office equipment, including calculators, photocopiers and telephone systems
computers with appropriate software to view 2-D CAD drawings, run costing programs and print copies
technical reference library with current publications on measurement, design, building construction and manufacturers' product literature
suitable work area appropriate to the construction process.

Reasonable adjustments for people with disabilities must be made to assessment processes where required. This could include access to modified equipment and other physical resources, and the provision of appropriate assessment support.

Method of assessment

Assessment methods must:

satisfy the endorsed Assessment Guidelines of the Construction, Plumbing and Services Integrated Framework Training Package
include direct observation of tasks in real or simulated work conditions, with questioning to confirm the ability to consistently identify and correctly interpret the essential underpinning knowledge required for practical application
reinforce the integration of employability skills with workplace tasks and job roles
confirm that competency is verified and able to be transferred to other circumstances and environments.

Validity and sufficiency of evidence requires that:

competency will need to be demonstrated over a period of time reflecting the scope of the role and the practical requirements of the workplace
where the assessment is part of a structured learning experience the evidence collected must relate to a number of performances assessed at different points in time and separated by further learning and practice, with a decision on competency only taken at the point when the assessor has complete confidence in the person's demonstrated ability and applied knowledge
all assessment that is part of a structured learning experience must include a combination of direct, indirect and supplementary evidence.

Assessment processes and techniques should as far as is practical take into account the language, literacy and numeracy capacity of the candidate in relation to the competency being assessed.

Supplementary evidence of competency may be obtained from relevant authenticated documentation from third parties, such as existing supervisors, team leaders or specialist training staff.